第十八章—山洞
本章非常重要,其主題應有更詳盡的敘述。它說安拉降示《古蘭經》為的是除去過去幾部天經中逐漸產生的失誤。穆斯林受到警告,要從基督教民族的命運中吸取教訓,在他們自己光榮與有權的日子裡要警惕自己,尤其不要鬆懈對安拉的崇拜,不要太貪戀財富與俗世的佔有物,以及不要過著懶散而奢侈的生活。這個Surah﹐內容極其豐富﹐峰迴路轉地展現了古代的許多史詩和寓言。
本章中出現了一位敬畏真主的英雄Dhu'l Qarnain (左勒.蓋爾奈英)。 他是一位偉大的軍事領袖和仁慈的統治者﹐把敬畏真主的信仰付諸行動的實踐﹐為民造福。
3. 他把它作為充滿真理、真正的領導者而下降,以便它警告人們從安拉方面要來的一個嚴厲的懲罰,並給力行善功的信者以歡樂的信息,即他們將獲得很好的報酬。A straightforward Book to warn of a severe punishment from Him, and to give the good news to the believers, who do righteous deeds, that they will have an excellent reward (Paradise)
5. 而且他下降了它也為了警告那些說,「安拉為自己立了子嗣。」And to warn those who have said that Allah has had a son,
10. 你認為山洞和碑文的伙伴,是我跡象中的奇觀將來不會再有類似的情景嗎? Do you think that the People of Kahf (the Cave) and Raqim (inscription) were unusual out of Our signs?
Ashab Al-Kalf這一用語有各種譯法,其一為「山洞中的居住者」。墓穴裡石碑上刻出的東西可以看出早期的基督教是虔敬的一神論者,伊撒只被稱為牧羊人,即安拉的一個先知,而他的母親瑪爾彥也只是一個虔誠的女人。事實上,對「山洞中的居住者」的敘述只是闡述了早期基督教的歷史以及說明他們如何為了信仰安拉的獨一性而受到難以敘述的迫害。
12. 我曾使他們在山洞裡若干年不能聽聞外間消息。We sealed up their hearing (putting them to sleep) in the Cave for a number of years.
13. 然後我喚起它們,以便我知道,(基督教的) 兩個團體中哪個比較更能銘記他們(在那裏)停留的時期。Thereafter We raised them up, so that We know which of the two groups had better calculated the period in which they remained (tarried).
19. 你認為它們是醒著的,其實他們是睡著的;我將使他們轉向右邊和左邊。他們的狗(向著他們)伸張著兩題腿臥在天井中。如果你見到他們的情況,你一定會轉身逃離,對他們充滿畏懼。And you would think they were awake while they were asleep. We turned them on their sides, right and left.
「我將使他們轉向右邊和左邊」這句話,看來指的是,他們走向世界各處,向所有方向發展,尋找新的市場以及作出新的征服。Byzantine拜占庭帝國在瑪摩拉海的兩側看守著歐洲,好像一隻狗向兩側伸出兩只前腿看守著那樣。《古蘭經》在幾百年前當基督教國家尚在長時期的熟睡時就預言這一事實,那時即使是想像力最遠大的人也沒有能力預見到他們最終能上升到如此大的權力和光榮的地步。這節經文包含一幅西方國家支配東方和南方國家具有特徵性的描寫、他們的特殊生活方式以及他們在這些地區人民中引起的畏懼。
20. 就像這樣,我 (在他們窮困無助的情況下) 喚起了他們,讓他們(驚奇地)互相詢問。他們中有人說:「你們(在這裡)逗留了?」他們(回答)說:「我們(在這裡)逗留了一天或不到一天。」於是(他們其他的人)說:「你們的養主最知道你們 (在此) 停留的時間,(你們無須作這個辯論)。把自己 (舊有的) 銀幣交給一個人,到城市裏去,叫他看市民中誰的糧食是最好的,叫他買些食物給你們帶來,他要有禮貌的,盡力獲悉(人們的秘密),但絕不要讓任何人知道你們(的事情)。 In this way We raised them up until they asked each other. One of them said, “How long did you tarry?” They said, “A day, or part of a day.” They said, “Your Lord knows best how long you tarried.” So, send one of you with this silver (coin) of yours to the city and let him look around which of the eatables are the purest and let him bring you some food from there. And he must act in polite manner, and must not let anyone know about you.
這節經文看來指的是權力已經遍佈全世界的西方基督教國家。西方國家的覺醒發生十字軍的時代,那時英國、法國和德國的君主聯合起來,整個歐洲聯合向穆斯林進攻要從他們手中奪取聖地。《古蘭經》其他經文中(20: 103-104) 定為一千年。這一時期是指西方基督教世界的休眠時期。20: 103-104節經文中的「十天」代表「十個世紀」,而這些經文中的「藍眼睛的」這些字指的是一般有著藍眼睛的西方民族,他們是藍眼睛,精神上是盲人,對伊斯蘭教始終懷有敵意。不列顛在東方權力的基礎是在17世紀開始時奠定的,這一時期差不多在穆聖之後一千年,歐洲民族才從休眠中醒過來開始向全世界擴展並征服它。
--> 20: 103 當號角一響那天,我將集合犯罪的人們,那天他們的眼睛將是藍色的。
--> 20: 104 它們將低聲地互相交談著說:「你們只停了十天。」
他們派了一個人到城裡用舊的硬幣買些食物並且看看情況對他們怎樣。Ta'ãm可以意指諸如小麥、大麥、小米、棗子等糧食,這指的是西方國家到世界各地的商業遠征。歐洲的商人在做生意時特別顯得文雅和有禮貌的樣子。「有禮貌地」這一用語也可意為「讓他們行動謹慎。」「但絕不要讓任何人知道你們」這些話,指的是西方的勢力悄悄地、趁人不備地滲透進東方。
24. 你對任何事情都不要(武斷地) 說:「我明天一定做那件事情。」And never say about anything,“I will do this tomorrow,”
這節經文可能意味著,在穆斯林衰落的時期,他們將失去一切真實而有用的工作主動權,只能空自遐想,他們的活動將侷限於談論未來,他們將無法改善自己的命運。
25 除非(你同時也說):如果安拉願意。如果你有時忘記了,(那麼,你想起來時) 就要(常常)懷念你養主(的許約),且說:「我(十分)希望我的養主(最後一定使我成功),將帶領我走比我自己所設計更接近完成的正道。Unless (you say -if) Allah wills.’ And remember your Lord if you forget, and say (to those who asked you about the story of the People of the Cave), “May be, my Lord will lead me to something closer than this to guidance.”
28. 要向(人們)宣讀你的養主所啟示你的經典。沒有任何一個人可以改變他的言語,離開了他,你將永遠沒有任何避難之所。And recite what has been revealed to you of the Book of your Lord. There is no one to change His words, and you will never find a refuge beside Him.
33 -35 你向他們敘述兩個人的情況作比喻。在這兩個人中,我賜給了一個人兩座葡萄園,又以棗樹圍繞這兩座果園,並在其(兩者之間),生產了一些禾穀。兩座果園都出產了大量的果實,而且我使一道河川流兩者之間。他從那裏常得很多的果實,驕傲的向自己同伴說:「我比你有更多的財富、更強的一群追隨者。」
36 有一次他虧損著自己,進入了他的果園,(對他的同伴)說:「我認為這個(果園)永遠不會毀滅。」
33. Give them an example. There were two men; We gave one of them two gardens of grapes, and
surrounded both of them with date-palms, and placed vegetation between them.
34. Both the gardens brought forth their fruit, and suppressed nothing from it, and We caused a stream
to flow through them.
35. And he had wealth. So, he said to his companion while conversing with him, “I am greater than you in wealth and stronger in manpower.”
36. And he entered his garden while he was doing wrong to himself. He said, “I do not think
that this will ever perish,
41. then, it is likely that my Lord will give me (what is) better than your garden, and will send to it a
punishment from the heavens, and it will become a barren land.
42. Or, its water will sink deep in the earth, so that you will never be able to search it out.”
43. And its produce was overwhelmed by calamities and he stood wringing his hands (in
anguish) over what he had invested in it, while it was fallen down on its trellises and he was
saying, “I wish I had not ascribed any partner to my Lord!”
從這節經文開始,以比喻形式講兩種人:基督教徒和穆斯林的情況。這「兩個人」代表這兩種人,而「兩座果園」代表基督教興起的兩個時期。「一道河」代表穆聖時代。通過穆聖,保存了穆撒和伊撒許多部份的真實教義。35節代表強大而興盛的基督教國家,看不起必且嘲笑貧窮而無權力的穆斯林,因為穆斯林貧困而缺乏物質資源。36節說著,西方強權基督教國家,由於他們的物質進步而自豪,就恣意過著舒適奢侈的生活,他們自負、傲慢而錯誤地認為自己的權力、進步和興旺發達將永遠持續下去,而且被弄得產生一種虛假的安全感和自滿情緒,完全過著一種罪惡的生活而無法自拔。43節中說,基督教民族想繼續維持他們的物質財富的一切努力盡成泡影,他們的權力和威望將迅速和出乎意料地衰落。
46. 你對他們關於今世的生命也打個比喻。它好像是我從雲中下降的雨水一樣。地上的植物藉它繁茂起來,而後成為乾草,隨風飄散。安拉對一切事物都有全力的。Give them the example of the worldly life; it is like water We sent down from the sky, then the vegetation of the earth was
mingled with it, and then it turned into chaff that is blown by the winds, and Allah is powerful over
everything.
此46節對今世生命的暫短性描寫地多麼恰切和有力啊!
47. 財富和子女是今世生活的裝飾。但在你的養主看來,永久的善功,於回賜方面來說是最好的,於希望來說也是最好的。
伊斯蘭並不仇恨財富﹐也從來沒有說﹐享受由財富帶來的物質生活是罪惡﹐而是引導信士們認識﹐真主是財富的創造者和施恩者。 人的智慧來自真主的造化﹐發財致富的條件和機遇來自真主的恩賜﹐獲得財富而忘恩負義不是信士的行為。《艾哈邁德聖訓集》﹐先知穆聖說﹕「乾淨的財富對善行最有利。」
48.(要記著),當我移動山岳的那一天,你將看到世界各民族互相戰爭,我將把他們完全集合起來,不讓他們任何一個遺漏掉。And (visualize) the Day when We will make mountains move,
and you will see the nations of the earth march forth against one another, and We shall gather them together, so as not to leave a single one of them.
民族與民族,王國與王國,必將相互作戰;在各種不同的地方必將發生饑饉、瘟疫和地震。
Hasharna-hum這一用語的意思是,他們排成戰鬥陣勢,互相對峙,而將苦戰到底。
49. And they shall be presented lined-up before your Lord. (It will be said to them,) “Lo! You have come to us just as We had created you for the first time, while you claimed that We would not make any appointed time for you.”
50. And the book (of deeds) will be placed (before them), then you will see the guilty people scared
of its contents and saying, “Woe to us! What a book is this! It has missed nothing, minor or major,
but has taken it into account.” Thus they will find whatever they did present before them, and your
Lord will not wrong anyone.
51. (Recall) when We said to the angels, “Prostrate yourselves before ‘Adam.” So, they prostrated
themselves, all of them but Iblis (伊布利司) (Satan). He was of the Jinn, so he rebelled against the command of your Lord. Do you still take him and his progeny (後代) as friends instead of Me, while they are enemy to you? Evil is he as substitute (用...代替) (of obedience to Allah) for wrongdoers.
54. 犯罪者將要看到火獄,並認為他們勢必進入其中、他們從那裏將找不到逃避的地方。And the sinners will see the Fire; so they will know that they will have to fall into it, and they will find no way to bypass it.
不信的西方國家將看到最具有毀滅性的一次戰爭正在迫近他們。他們想要一切可能的手段來避免它,但是他們為此而作出的一切計畫和努力終將無效。西方已經經歷了兩次最具毀滅性的戰爭的苦難折磨,幾乎毀滅了它在全世界的政治統治和威望,從根本上動搖了西方文明。第三次大屠殺正在直瞪瞪地凝視著西方—也許是全世界。
55. 我為人類在《古蘭經》中把每一個必需的事物都以不同的方式加以講述。 (這樣做的原因是) 人是好爭論的。 Indeed We have explained in this Qur’an every subject in various ways for the benefit of the people, but out of all creation, man is most disputing.
這節經文的意喻可以是:
(a) 在安拉所有的創造物中,人被賜予理智和智力方面的種種才能,但是遺憾的是他們把這些才能用於拒絕真理以及其他邪惡的目的;
(b) 或者,它可以意指,他們是長期疑慮和疑惑的受害者,這很少能使人們覺得有滿意的時候,而且是根深蒂固的懷疑者,即使對最可信服的論據也力圖從中發現漏洞。
56. The only thing that prevented people from believing, even after the guidance had come to them, and
from seeking forgiveness from their Lord, is (their demand) that what used to come to the earlier people
should come to them as well, or that the punishment should visit them face to face.
61-83 關於穆撒(Musa)和安拉僕人的敘述說明一個事實:由於伊斯蘭教的教導是根據律令和原則的,和穆撒經典的有些原則有根本不同之處,因此猶太教徒和穆斯林的真正合作是不可能的。Isra(穆撒)的精神旅行,這一旅行代表伊斯蘭教穆聖的降臨。
84. 他們問你關於Dhu'l Qarnain (左勒.蓋爾奈英)的往事。你對他們說:「我一定向你們敘述他們的情況。」They ask you about Dhul-Qarnain. Say, “I shall now recite to you an account of him.”
Dhu'l Qarnain是波斯(Persia) 帝國的君主,《古蘭經》中描寫的最適用於Cyrus賽魯士:
(a) 他是一個強有力的君主,而且是一個仁慈和公正的統治者。
(b) 他是安拉忠實的僕人,有福受到安拉的啟示。
(c) 他向西進軍,征服了許多地方,直到他來到他見到太陽落到可以說是一潭黑水的地方 (意指黑海),然後折向東方並且征服了廣大領土。
(d) 他往中部地區,那裏生活著一種野蠻民族並有「雅朱者(Ya'juj)」和「馬朱者(Ma')」Juj的經常侵襲;他造了城牆,阻止了這些侵襲。
(e) 91他一直早到日出之處,他發現太陽升起於一個民族,(在那裏)我不曾為他們制造躲避太陽的處所。(這節經文敘述賽魯士的東征——到阿富汗和俾路支,那裏是無樹、荒蕪之地,太陽酷熱地曬射在這些土地上。
賽魯士相信死後的生命。他是陰陽教以及僅次於伊斯蘭教的一切宗教的信奉者,陰陽教(祆教)及強調死後的生命。
這個Surah中所提到的「雅朱者(Gog)」和「馬朱者(Magog)」是指Scythians (塞西亞人),佔據黑海北面和東北面的許多領土。蘇聯是「雅朱者(Gog)」而西方國家是「馬朱者(Magog)」,即使是現在,他們在準備著國際間的大決戰。據說穆聖說過,誦唸本章開始和結束的十節經文可以抵禦Dajjal (騙子)精神上的襲擊。這表明,Dajjal (騙子)和「雅朱者(Gog)」和「馬朱者(Magog)」是同一種人——西方的基督教國家——Dajjal (騙子)代表他們有害的反對伊斯蘭教的宗教宣傳,而「雅朱者(Gog)」和「馬朱者(Magog)」代表他們物質和政治上的權力和優勢。
Reference: http://www.hkislam.com/quran11/index.htm
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