我讀【古蘭經】之筆記： 第二十八章—故事(AL-QASAS)

 第二十八章—故事

[28:2] 本章是Ta Sin Min經組的第三章和最後一章。此三章以相同的縮寫字母開始，因此在主題方面具有驚人的相似之處。它們開始時都啟示《古蘭經》的重要主題並以相同的主題結束。第二十六章很多地方敘述了穆撒向法老提出他的教義。第二十七章也有許多地方談及穆撒見到安拉的光輝與壯麗景象，也談及他在愉快的Tuwa圖哇山谷中所經歷的精神感受。可是本章比任何其他經章都更詳細地述及了穆撒生活的各個方面—他奇蹟般地從大海裡被救出來，他的嬰孩時期與童年、青年時代，遷移與宣稱使者—這意示著穆聖會像穆撒那樣也將經受相同的體驗，雖然他們的環境與條件是不同的。本章說，拒絕安拉教義的真正原因是有財勢的人們被他們財富弄得趾高氣揚，被一種虛假的安全感所麻痺，看不起安拉派遣的先知，嘲弄並迫害他們。本章在結束前專門敘述了一個非凡的預言，它意識著穆撒從埃及遷徙去麥德彥，在那裏寄居了十年，隨後回到埃及以及從法老手中解救了以色列人。這一預言大意是說，像穆撒那樣，伊斯蘭教的穆聖也經離開故土，去生活在一個陌生地方十年，然後回到他宗教的發源地，征服麥加並在堅實的基礎上確立伊斯蘭教。本章最後幾節經文總結它的主題，而且說穆聖從來不曾有成為安拉使者的絲毫想法，可是他既然真的受此重任，他應號召全人類按照養主的教導去做；他信任養主，作為一個偉大而勇敢的擁護安拉真理的獻身者，應該不屈不饒地為他的事業的成功奮鬥到底。

[28:5] 法老確在地面上驕傲自大，他把他國內的居民分成不同的群體，企圖削弱其中的一個群體，殺害他們的男兒，留存他們的女兒。他確是製造混亂的。Indeed, Pharaoh had become high-handed in the land, and had divided its people into different groups; he used to persecute a group of them, slaughtering their sons and keeping their women alive. Indeed he was one of the mischief-makers,

→在這個二十世紀中，西方殖民主義強國行之非常有效的「分而治之」的政策，看來在法老時代也做得非常成功。他把埃及人分成不同的團體和部分，而且對他們作出別有用心的區別對待。他對有些人恩寵而對另一些人進行剝削和壓迫。穆撒的民族屬於後一類不幸的人們。「殺死他們的男兒，留下他們的女兒」這些話，除了具有把以色列人製於他永久統治之下的明顯意義外，法老要消滅他們的男子而讓他們的婦女活著的意思也可以是，以他的剝削政策和殘酷鎮壓手段，竭力想扼殺他們男子漢的氣質，這樣可以使他們像女人般地膽怯。

[28:6] 我想在大地上被對認為弱小的人施行恩惠，把他們做為領導人物，使他們成為一切恩惠的繼承者，while We intended to favor those who were held as weak in the land, and to make them leaders and make them inheritors,

[28:8] 我啟示了穆撒的母親說：「要哺育他穆撒，當你怕他受害時，就把他投入河中，不要害怕，也不要憂傷、我將把他送還你，並使他成為一位使者。」We inspired the mother of Musa saying, “Suckle him (Musa). Then once you fear about him, cast him in the river, and do not fear, and do not grieve. Surely We are going to bring him back to you and appoint him one of (Our) messengers.”

[28:9] 穆撒的母親照著做了，法老家的一個人把他從河中拾了去，結果他成了他們的敵人和悲哀的根源。法老、哈曼。和他倆的軍隊原來都是錯誤的。So the family of Pharaoh picked him up, so that he becomes for them an enemy and a (cause of) grief. Indeed Pharaoh, Haman and their armies were mistaken.

[28:44] 在毀滅先代的許多民族之後，我賜了穆撒經典，這部經典的教義賜給人們視力，是指導和仁慈的媒介，好叫他們思考。And We gave Musa, after We destroyed the earlier generations, the Book having insights for people and a guidance and mercy, so that they may receive the advice.

[28:50] 你說：「如果穆撒、哈融、穆罕默德的話是虛假的，如果你們是誠實的，那麼，你們就從安拉那裏帶來比這兩部經典更能引導人的經典，以便我信從它。」Say, “Then bring a book from Allah which is better than both, in guidance, and I shall follow it, if you are true.”

→在這節經文暗指，在天經中《古蘭經》和《摩西五經》都有很高的地位。《古蘭經》是最高的，在所有安拉啟示的經典是最好的，而《摩西五經》占第二位。

[28:53] 在《古蘭》下降以前，凡我曾賜予經典的人，他們都心裏信仰《古蘭》。As for those to whom We gave the Book before this, they believe in it (Qur’an).

[28:54] 當有人在他們面前誦讀古蘭時，他們說：「我們信仰它。這是來自我們養主的真理。我們在那天之前，就是歸順者。」And when this (Qur’an) is recited to them, they say, “We believe in it. It is the truth from our Lord, and we are the ones who had submitted (to it) even before it (was revealed).”

[28:55] 這些人將獲得兩次報償，因為他們堅忍，以善止惡，並施捨我所賜給他們的東西。Such people will be given their reward twice, because they observed patience. And they repel evil with good, and spend from what We have given to them.

[28:56] 當他們聽到無用的話時，馬上避開它，並說：「我們有我們的工作，你們有你們的工作。祝你們平安。我們不喜歡與愚人有什麼關係。」And when they hear absurd talk, they withdraw from it and say, “Our deeds are for us and your deeds are for you. Peace be on you. We do not desire (to be entangled with) the ignorant people.”

←[25: 64] 無限博愛者的僕人是在大地上謙恭行走的，每當無知的人向他們搭話時，他們從不與他們爭吵，他們總是說：「我們位你們做平安的祈禱！」The servants of the Rahman (the All-Merciful, Allah) are those who walk on the earth humbly, and when the ignorant people speak to them, they reply peacefully,

←[25: 73] 那些不做偽證的人，也是無限博愛者的僕人，每逢他們遇到無益的事物，必莊嚴地離去，而不參與其中。and those who do not witness falsehood, and when they pass by the absurd things, Pass by them with dignity,

[28:57] 你不能領導你所喜愛的人；而安拉能領導他所願望的人；他是最了解獲得領導者的。You cannot give guidance to whomsoever you wish, but Allah gives guidance to whomsoever He wills, and He knows best those who would accept guidance.

←[16: 38] 使者啊！縱使你渴望他們獲得正道，但應當理解，安拉絕不領導故迷誤別人的人。他們也絕沒有幫助者。If you are keen for their guidance, then, (remember that) Allah does not lead those to the right path whom He lets go astray, and for them there are no helpers.

[28:60] 除非你的養主在一個中心城市中派遣使者，向他們宣讀我的啟示，他是不會毀滅那些城市的。除非那些城市的居民變成不義的人，我也絕不毀滅那些城市的。And your Lord is not such as He would destroy the towns unless he had sent to their central place a messenger who recites to them Our verses, nor are We such as would destroy the towns unless their people are wrongdoers.

←[6: 132]這派遣使者是因為你的養主在任何城鎮的居民未受警告的情況下，不能不適當地毀滅那些城鎮。That (Allah sends messengers) is because your Lord is not to destroy any towns on account of any wrongdoing, while their people are unaware.

←[11: 118] 當某個城市的居民是善良時，你的養主絕不會不公平地毀滅那個城市。Your Lord is not such that He would destroy the towns unjustly while their people are good in their ways.

←[26: 209] 我未曾消滅任何城市，除非那城市已有了一些警告者。

[28:61] 凡你們受賜的東西，都只供今世生命的暫時享用和裝飾；凡是在安拉那裏的報酬，都是更好的，永存的。你們為什麼不運用理智？Moreover, whatever of anything you are given is (no more than) an enjoyment of the worldly life and its decoration, and that which lies with Allah is much better and far more lasting. So do you not use reason?

←[3: 15] 令人愛好的東西——婦女、孩子、金銀財寶、駿馬、牲畜和田園都向人們顯示美麗。這些只是今世生活的供應品。而安拉那裏才是極好的歸宿。It has been made attractive for people to love the desired things; that is, women, children, hoarded heaps of gold and silver, branded horses, cattle and tillage. That is an enjoyment of the worldly life; but with Allah lies the beauty of the final resort.

←[9: 38] 你們在今後兩世相較之下，更喜愛今世的生活？果然如此，那麼要記著，今世生活中的一切收穫與後世生活比較起來，只是微不足道的東西。Have you become happy with the worldly life instead of the Hereafter? So, (remember that) the enjoyment of the worldly life is but trivial in (comparison with) the Hereafter.

←[10: 71] 在他們分內的，只是今世幾天的短暫的獲益，繼而他們將得歸向我。It will be a little enjoyment in this world; thereafter to Us they are bound to return;

←[16: 118]  今世只有少許暫時令人喜歡的事物。(Let there be) a little enjoyment, and (then) for them there is a painful punishment.

←[40: 40] 我的族人啊！今世的人生只是暫時的安排，後世確是永久的住處。O my people, this life of the world is only a (momentary) benefit, while the Hereafter is, indeed, the place of permanent living.

[28:68] 但是那些悔罪、信仰而又行善者，他們即將成為成功的人。As for the one who repents and becomes a believer and acts righteously, hopefully he will be among the successful.

→根據伊斯蘭教教義，悔罪之門是永遠開著的。有罪的人即使在臨終時也可悔罪。他總是可以挽救的，除非他頑固地拒絕真理，自己故意選擇使悔罪之門向他關閉的道路。

[28:69] 你的養主隨自己的意思創造，隨自己的意思選擇。他們自己是不得選擇的。Your Lord creates what He wills and chooses. Choice is not theirs.

[28:70] 你的養主知道他們胸中所隱藏的和他們所顯現的。Your Lord knows what their hearts conceal and what they reveal.

[28:74] 這是他的仁慈：他為你們創造了黑夜和白天，好叫你們在黑夜休息，在白天尋求他的恩惠，你們也好感恩謝德。And it is out of His mercy that He has made day and night for you, so that you may have rest in it, and so that you may search for His grace, and so that you may be grateful.

[28:78] 「要以安拉所賜與你的東西尋求後世的居所，也不要忘卻你在今世的份額；要善待人類，像安拉善待你一樣。不要在大地上製造混亂，安拉不喜愛製造混亂的人；」And seek the (betterment of) the Ultimate Abode with what Allah has given to you, and do not neglect your share from this world, and do good as Allah did good to you, and do not seek to make mischief in the land. Surely, Allah does not like the mischiefmakers.”

[28:81] 有知識的人說：「安拉賜予信仰而行善者的報償是最好的、這報償只有堅忍的人才能獲得。」And said those who were given knowledge, “Allah’s reward is much better for him who believes and acts righteously. But this is given to none but to those who are steadfast”

[28:85] 凡做好事的人，將得到比那好事更好的報償；凡做壞事的人，將遭受與那壞事同等的懲罰。Whoever brings good deed shall have better than it, and whoever brings evil deed, then those who commit evils shall not be punished except for what they used to do.

←[6: 161] 凡做了善功的，他們將得其十倍的報酬、凡犯了罪惡的，他將受其同樣的懲罰；他們將不受任何不公平的待遇。Whoever comes with a good deed will receive ten times as much, and whoever comes with an evil deed will be requited with no more than the like of it, and they shall not be wronged.

[28:86] 把《古蘭經》的教義定為你必須履行的安拉，必定把你帶回為你所注定的歸宿之處。你說：「我的養主最知誰是領導正道的，誰是在明顯的的迷霧中的。」Surely the One who has enjoined the Qur’an upon you will surely bring you back to a place of return. Say, “My Lord best knows best who brings the guidance and who is in manifest error.”

←[17: 85] 你對他們說： 「每人都依照自己的方式而工作，你們的養主最知誰是受正確領導的。」Say, “Everyone acts in his own style. So, your Lord knows best which one is better guided in his way.”

[28:87] 你原未仰望你將受降一部完善的天經。但這是出自你養主的仁慈，所以你永遠不要做不信者的幫手。You were not expecting that the Book would be sent down to you, but it was a mercy from your Lord. So, never be a helper of those who disbelieve.

[28:88] 你蒙受安拉的啟示以後，切莫讓他們使你離棄那些啟示，要召喚人們歸向你的養主，萬勿把任何東西做為與安拉同等的崇拜對象。And let them not prevent you from Allah’s verses after they are sent down to you, and call (people) to your Lord, and never become one of those who associate partners with Allah.